We show that there is a fundamental flaw in the application of modified gravity theories in cosmology. taking f(R) gravity as a paradigmatic example. This theory contains a scalar degree of freedom that couples to the matter stress-energy tensor but not to gravitational energy. However. https://oclvfmairgge.blog-kids.com/35126180/captive-rearing-changes-the-gut-microbiota-of-the-bumblebee-bombus-lantschouensis-native-to-china